Soil development is the process by which rocks and minerals are broken down and transformed into soil by physical, chemical, and biological processes. This includes the weathering of rocks, the addition of organic matter from plant and animal residues, and the formation of soil horizons with distinct characteristics. Soil development is influenced by factors such as climate, topography, vegetation, and parent material, and plays a critical role in supporting plant growth and ecosystem functioning. Understanding soil development is essential for sustainable land use management and agricultural practices.